Complete Code

Expense Class

JavaKotlin

package com.example.gettingstarted;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.inrupt.client.solid.Metadata;
import com.inrupt.client.solid.SolidRDFSource;
import com.inrupt.rdf.wrapping.commons.RDFFactory;
import com.inrupt.rdf.wrapping.commons.TermMappings;
import com.inrupt.rdf.wrapping.commons.ValueMappings;
import com.inrupt.rdf.wrapping.commons.WrapperIRI;
import org.apache.commons.rdf.api.Dataset;
import org.apache.commons.rdf.api.Graph;
import org.apache.commons.rdf.api.IRI;
import org.apache.commons.rdf.api.RDFTerm;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.net.URI;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * Part 1
 * Note: extends SolidRDFSource
 * To model the Expense class as an RDF resource, the Expense class extends SolidRDFSource.
 * <p>
 * The @JsonIgnoreProperties annotation is added to ignore the RDF-related fields
 * ("metadata", "graph", "graphNames", "entity", "contentType") when serializing Expense data as JSON.
 */
@JsonIgnoreProperties(value = { "metadata", "graph", "graphNames", "entity", "contentType"})
public class Expense extends SolidRDFSource {

    /**
     * Note 2a: Predicate Definitions
     * The following constants define the Predicates used in our triple statements.
     */
    static IRI RDF_TYPE = rdf.createIRI("http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type");
    static IRI SCHEMA_ORG_PURCHASE_DATE = rdf.createIRI("https://schema.org/purchaseDate");
    static IRI SCHEMA_ORG_PROVIDER = rdf.createIRI("https://schema.org/provider");
    static IRI SCHEMA_ORG_DESCRIPTION = rdf.createIRI("https://schema.org/description");
    static IRI SCHEMA_ORG_TOTAL_PRICE = rdf.createIRI("https://schema.org/totalPrice");
    static IRI SCHEMA_ORG_PRICE_CURRENCY = rdf.createIRI("https://schema.org/priceCurrency");
    static IRI SCHEMA_ORG_CATEGORY = rdf.createIRI("https://schema.org/category");
    
    // Added predicate for receipts
    static IRI SCHEMA_ORG_IMAGE = rdf.createIRI("https://schema.org/image");

    /**
     * Note 2b: Value Definition
     * The following constant define the value for the predicate RDF_TYPE.
     */
    static URI MY_RDF_TYPE_VALUE = URI.create("https://schema.org/Invoice").normalize();

    /**
     * Note 3: Node class
     * The Node class is an inner class (defined below) that handles the mapping between expense data and RDF triples.
     * The subject contains the expense data.
     */
    private final Node subject;

    /**
     * Note 4: Constructors
     * Expense constructors to handle SolidResource fields:
     * - identifier: The destination URI of the resource; e.g., https://myPod.example.com/myPod/expense1
     * - dataset: The org.apache.commons.rdf.api.Dataset that corresponding to the resource. Can be null when instantiating the class.
     * - metadata:  The com.inrupt.client.solid.Metadata that contains information from response headers. Can be null when instantiating the class.
     * <p>
     * In addition, the subject field is initialized.
     */

    public Expense(final URI identifier, final Dataset dataset, final Metadata metadata) {
        super(identifier, dataset, metadata);
        this.subject = new Node(rdf.createIRI(identifier.toString()), getGraph());
    }

    public Expense(final URI identifier) {
        this(identifier.normalize(), null, null);
    }

    // Constructor updated to handle receipts
    @JsonCreator
    public Expense(@JsonProperty("identifier") final URI identifier,
                   @JsonProperty("merchantProvider") String merchantProvider,
                   @JsonProperty("expenseDate") Date expenseDate,
                   @JsonProperty("description") String description,
                   @JsonProperty("amount") BigDecimal amount,
                   @JsonProperty("currency") String currency,
                   @JsonProperty("category") String category,
                   @JsonProperty("receipts") String[] receipts) {
        this(identifier.normalize());
        this.setRDFType(MY_RDF_TYPE_VALUE);
        this.setMerchantProvider(merchantProvider);
        this.setExpenseDate(expenseDate);
        this.setDescription(description);
        this.setAmount(amount);
        this.setCurrency(currency);
        this.setCategory(category);
        this.setReceipts(receipts);
    }

    /**
     * Note 5: Various getters/setters.
     * The getters and setters reference the subject's methods.
     */

    public URI getRDFType() {
        return subject.getRDFType();
    }

    public void setRDFType(URI rdfType) {
        subject.setRDFType(rdfType);
    }

    public String getMerchantProvider() {
        return subject.getMerchantProvider();
    }

    public void setMerchantProvider(String merchantProvider) {
        subject.setMerchantProvider(merchantProvider);
    }

    public Date getExpenseDate() {
        return subject.getExpenseDate();
    }

    public void setExpenseDate(Date expenseDate) {
        subject.setExpenseDate(expenseDate);
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return subject.getDescription();
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        subject.setDescription(description);
    }

    public BigDecimal getAmount() {
        return subject.getAmount();
    }

    public void setAmount(BigDecimal amount) {
        subject.setAmount(amount);
    }

    public String getCurrency() {
        return subject.getCurrency();
    }

    public void setCurrency(String currency) {
        subject.setCurrency(currency);
    }

    public String getCategory() {
        return subject.getCategory();
    }

    public void setCategory(String category) {
        subject.setCategory(category);
    }

    // Expense class: getter and setters for receipts
    public Set<String> getReceipts() {
        return subject.getReceipts();
    }
    // Note:: The setters first uses the getter, which returns a Set, and adds the receipt to the set.
    public void addReceipt(String receipt) {
        subject.getReceipts().add(receipt);
    }
    public void setReceipts(String[] receipts) {
        subject.getReceipts().addAll(List.of(receipts));
    }
    /**
     * Note 6: Inner class ``Node`` that extends WrapperIRI
     * Node class handles the mapping of the expense data (date, provider,
     * description, category, priceCurrency, total) to RDF triples
     * <subject> <predicate> <object>.
     * <p>
     * Nomenclature Background: A set of RDF triples is called a Graph.
     */
    class Node extends WrapperIRI {

        Node(final RDFTerm original, final Graph graph) {
            super(original, graph);
        }

        URI getRDFType() {
            return anyOrNull(RDF_TYPE, ValueMappings::iriAsUri);
        }

        /**
         * Note 7: In its getters, the ``Node`` class calls WrapperBlankNodeOrIRI
         * method ``anyOrNull`` to return either 0 or 1 value mapped to the predicate.
         * You can use ValueMappings method to convert the value to a specified type.
         * <p>
         * In its setters, the ``Node`` class calls WrapperBlankNodeOrIRI
         * method ``overwriteNullable`` to return either 0 or 1 value mapped to the predicate.
         * You can use TermMappings method to store the value with the specified type information.
         */

        void setRDFType(URI type) {
            overwriteNullable(RDF_TYPE, type, TermMappings::asIri);
        }

        String getMerchantProvider() {
            return anyOrNull(SCHEMA_ORG_PROVIDER, ValueMappings::literalAsString);
        }

        void setMerchantProvider(String provider) {
            overwriteNullable(SCHEMA_ORG_PROVIDER, provider, TermMappings::asStringLiteral);
        }

        public Date getExpenseDate() {
            Instant expenseInstant = anyOrNull(SCHEMA_ORG_PURCHASE_DATE, ValueMappings::literalAsInstant);
            if (expenseInstant != null) return Date.from(expenseInstant);
            else return null;
        }

        public void setExpenseDate(Date expenseDate) {
            overwriteNullable(SCHEMA_ORG_PURCHASE_DATE, expenseDate.toInstant(), TermMappings::asTypedLiteral);
        }

        String getDescription() {
            return anyOrNull(SCHEMA_ORG_DESCRIPTION, ValueMappings::literalAsString);
        }

        void setDescription(String description) {
            overwriteNullable(SCHEMA_ORG_DESCRIPTION, description, TermMappings::asStringLiteral);
        }

        public BigDecimal getAmount() {
            String priceString = anyOrNull(SCHEMA_ORG_TOTAL_PRICE, ValueMappings::literalAsString);
            if (priceString != null) return new BigDecimal(priceString);
            else return null;
        }

        /**
         * Note 8: You can write your own TermMapping helper.
         */
        public void setAmount(BigDecimal totalPrice) {
            overwriteNullable(SCHEMA_ORG_TOTAL_PRICE, totalPrice, (final BigDecimal value, final Graph graph) -> {
                Objects.requireNonNull(value, "Value must not be null");
                Objects.requireNonNull(graph, "Graph must not be null");
                return RDFFactory.getInstance().
                        createLiteral(
                                value.toString(),
                                RDFFactory.getInstance().createIRI("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#decimal")
                        );
            });
        }

        public String getCurrency() {
            return anyOrNull(SCHEMA_ORG_PRICE_CURRENCY, ValueMappings::literalAsString);
        }

        public void setCurrency(String currency) {
            overwriteNullable(SCHEMA_ORG_PRICE_CURRENCY, currency, TermMappings::asStringLiteral);
        }

        public String getCategory() {
            return anyOrNull(SCHEMA_ORG_CATEGORY, ValueMappings::literalAsString);
        }

        public void setCategory(String category) {
            overwriteNullable(SCHEMA_ORG_CATEGORY, category, TermMappings::asStringLiteral);
        }

        // Node class: Added getter for receipts
        public Set<String> getReceipts() {
            return objects(SCHEMA_ORG_IMAGE, TermMappings::asIri, ValueMappings::iriAsString);
        }
        
        // No setter added
    }
}

ExpenseController Class

JavaKotlin

package com.example.gettingstarted;

import com.inrupt.client.auth.Session;
import com.inrupt.client.openid.OpenIdSession;
import com.inrupt.client.solid.SolidSyncClient;
import com.inrupt.client.webid.WebIdProfile;
import com.inrupt.client.solid.PreconditionFailedException;
import com.inrupt.client.solid.ForbiddenException;
import com.inrupt.client.solid.NotFoundException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.apache.commons.rdf.api.RDFSyntax;
import com.inrupt.client.solid.SolidNonRDFSource;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.Set;

@RequestMapping("/api")
@RestController
public class ExpenseController {

    /**
     * Note 1: Authenticated Session
     * Using the client credentials, create an authenticated session.
     */
    final Session session = OpenIdSession.ofClientCredentials(
            URI.create(System.getenv("MY_SOLID_IDP")).normalize(),
            System.getenv("MY_SOLID_CLIENT_ID"),
            System.getenv("MY_SOLID_CLIENT_SECRET"),
            System.getenv("MY_AUTH_FLOW"));
    /**
     * Note 2: SolidSyncClient
     * Instantiates a synchronous client for the authenticated session.
     * The client has methods to perform CRUD operations.
     */
    final SolidSyncClient client = SolidSyncClient.getClient().session(session);
    private final PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(System.out, true);

    /**
     * Note 3: SolidSyncClient.read()
     * Using the SolidSyncClient client.read() method, reads the user's WebID Profile document and returns the Pod URI(s).
     */
    @GetMapping("/pods")
    public Set<URI> getPods(@RequestParam(value = "webid", defaultValue = "") String webID) {
        printWriter.println("ExpenseController:: getPods");
        try (final var profile = client.read(URI.create(webID).normalize(), WebIdProfile.class)) {
            return profile.getStorages();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Note 4: SolidSyncClient.create()
     * Using the SolidSyncClient client.create() method,
     * - Saves the Expense as an RDF resource to the location specified in the Expense.identifier field.
     */
    @PostMapping(path = "/expenses/create")
    public Expense createExpense(@RequestBody Expense newExpense) {
        printWriter.println("ExpenseController:: createExpense");
        try (var createdExpense = client.create(newExpense)) {
            printExpenseAsTurtle(createdExpense);
            return createdExpense;
        } catch(PreconditionFailedException e1) {
            // Errors if the resource already exists
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.PreconditionFailedException:: %s", e1.getStatusCode(), e1.getMessage()));
        } catch(ForbiddenException e2) {
            // Errors if user does not have access to create
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.ForbiddenException:: %s", e2.getStatusCode(), e2.getMessage()));
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Note 5: SolidSyncClient.read()
     * Using the SolidSyncClient client.read() method,
     * - Reads the RDF resource into the Expense class.
     */
    @GetMapping("/expenses/get")
    public Expense getExpense(@RequestParam(value = "resourceURL", defaultValue = "") String resourceURL) {
        printWriter.println("ExpenseController:: getExpense");
        try (var resource = client.read(URI.create(resourceURL).normalize(), Expense.class)) {
            return resource;
        } catch (NotFoundException e1) {
            // Errors if resource is not found
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.NotFoundException:: %s", e1.getStatusCode(), e1.getMessage()));
        } catch(ForbiddenException e2) {
            // Errors if user does not have access to read
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.ForbiddenException:: %s", e2.getStatusCode(), e2.getMessage()));
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Note 6: SolidSyncClient.update()
     * Using the SolidSyncClient client.update() method,
     * - Updates the Expense resource.
     */
    @PutMapping("/expenses/update")
    public Expense updateExpense(@RequestBody Expense expense) {
        printWriter.println("ExpenseController:: updateExpense");

        try(var updatedExpense = client.update(expense)) {
            printExpenseAsTurtle(updatedExpense);
            return updatedExpense;
        } catch (NotFoundException e1) {
            // Errors if resource is not found
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.NotFoundException:: %s", e1.getStatusCode(), e1.getMessage()));
        } catch(ForbiddenException e2) {
            // Errors if user does not have access to read
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.ForbiddenException:: %s", e2.getStatusCode(), e2.getMessage()));
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Note 7: SolidSyncClient.delete()
     * Using the SolidSyncClient client.delete() method,
     * - Deletes the resource located at the resourceURL.
     */

    @DeleteMapping("/expenses/delete")
    public void deleteExpense(@RequestParam(value = "resourceURL") String resourceURL) {
        printWriter.println("ExpenseController:: deleteExpense");
        try {
            client.delete(URI.create(resourceURL).normalize());

            // Alternatively, you can specify an Expense object to the delete method.
            // The delete method deletes  the Expense recorde located in the Expense.identifier field. 
            // For example: client.delete(new Expense(URI.create(resourceURL).normalize()));
        } catch (NotFoundException e1) {
            // Errors if resource is not found
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.NotFoundException:: %s", e1.getStatusCode(), e1.getMessage()));
        } catch(ForbiddenException e2) {
            // Errors if user does not have access to read
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.ForbiddenException:: %s", e2.getStatusCode(), e2.getMessage()));
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Note 8: Prints the expense resource in Turtle.
     */

    private void printExpenseAsTurtle(Expense expense) {
        printWriter.println("ExpenseController:: printExpenseAsTurtle");
        ByteArrayOutputStream content = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try  {
            expense.serialize(RDFSyntax.TURTLE, content);
            printWriter.println(content.toString("UTF-8"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Note 9: Stores a non-RDF resource to a Pod
     *
     * Using SolidNonRDFSource and the SolidSyncClient .create() method,
     * - Saves a non-RDF resource at the destinationURL.
     */
    @PutMapping("/resource/nonRDF/add")
    public String addNonRDFFile(@RequestParam(value = "destinationURL") String destinationURL,
                                @RequestParam(value = "file") MultipartFile file) {
        printWriter.println("In addNonRDFFile:: Save Non-RDF File to Pod.");
        try (final var fileStream = file.getInputStream()) {

            SolidNonRDFSource myNonRDFFile = new SolidNonRDFSource(URI.create(destinationURL).normalize(), file.getContentType(), fileStream);
            return client.create(myNonRDFFile).getIdentifier().toString();
        } catch(PreconditionFailedException e1) {
            // Errors if the resource already exists
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.PreconditionFailedException in addNonRDFFile:: %s", e1.getStatusCode(), e1.getMessage()));
        } catch(ForbiddenException e2) {
            // Errors if user does not have access to create
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.ForbiddenException in addNonRDFFile:: %s", e2.getStatusCode(), e2.getMessage()));
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Note 10: Stores a non-RDF resource (image of the receipt) to a Pod and Attach to an Expense
     * Using methods defined as part of getting started, addReceiptToExpense:
     * - Calls addNonRDFFile() to store the receipt to a Pod
     * - Calls getExpense() to fetch the associated Expense RDF resource.
     * - Calls the Expense's setter `addReceipt` to add the link to the saved receipt.
     * - Calls updateExpense() to save the updated Expense.
     */
    @PutMapping("/expenses/receipts/add")
    public Expense addReceiptToExpense(@RequestParam(value = "destinationURL") String destinationURL,
                                       @RequestParam(value = "file") MultipartFile file,
                                       @RequestParam(value = "expenseURL") String expenseURL) {
        printWriter.println("In addReceiptToExpense: Save Receipt File to Pod and Update Associated Expense.");
        try {
            String receiptLocation = addNonRDFFile(destinationURL, file);
            if (receiptLocation != null) {
                Expense expense = getExpense(expenseURL);
                expense.addReceipt(receiptLocation);
                return updateExpense(expense);
            } else {
                printWriter.println("Error adding receipt");
                return null;
            }
        } catch(ForbiddenException e2) {
            // Errors if user does not have access to read or update the Expense resource
            printWriter.println(String.format("[%s] com.inrupt.client.solid.ForbiddenException in addReceiptToExpense:: %s", e2.getStatusCode(), e2.getMessage()));
        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

}